A) It has resulted in a large decline in the income inequality between the north and the south.
B) It has lowered the number of Nigerians that support democracy as a government system to below 50 percent.
C) It has resulted in a rise in ethnic violence with economic dimensions.
D) Political elites have begun to reduce their use of ethnic conflict as an avenue of political support.
E) It has weakened the application of Sharia law in the south.
G) B) and D)
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A) ethnic distribution of legislative seats.
B) awarding of contracts to state and private corporations.
C) distribution of oil revenues between national and local governments.
D) distribution of foreign aid.
E) hereditary appointment of local chieftains.
G) B) and C)
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A) the belief that five parties at a minimum would be needed to divide the country's oil wealth
B) fear of political gridlock that would result from single-party dominance of the legislature
C) popular dislike of the British model and fears that a two-party system would be too similar
D) fear of making it easier for the military to dominate politics by reducing the number of parties they need to control
E) fear of dividing the country further between the Muslim north and Christian south
G) A) and C)
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A) multiple human rights organizations
B) stable civilian rule
C) a diverse, vigorous media
D) a strong middle class
E) a respected judiciary
G) C) and E)
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B
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A) House of Burgesses.
B) Chamber of Deputies.
C) House of Representatives.
D) House of Councilors.
E) Chamber of Solons.
G) B) and E)
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A) the south
B) the west
C) the north
D) the east
E) coastal
G) A) and B)
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A) the remarkable unity of the Nigerian people.
B) the quota system for political appointments in Nigeria.
C) British colonial justification for Nigerian territorial divisions.
D) eligibility requirements for political candidates.
E) constitutional limits on the national judiciary.
G) None of the above
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A) the establishment of independence from Britain.
B) successive military coups.
C) successive peaceful democratic elections.
D) the establishment of a parliamentary legislative system.
E) devolution of authority to regional legislatures.
G) B) and C)
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A) personalism.
B) beneficialism.
C) patrimonialism.
D) atriarchy.
E) hedonism.
G) A) and E)
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A) greater political autonomy for Muslims in northern Nigeria.
B) protection of ethnic groups and a greater share of oil revenues in the Niger Delta.
C) greater freedom of the press for Nigerian journalists.
D) enhanced microcredit loans for Nigeria's poorest.
E) greater African cooperation in trade and development issues.
G) A) and B)
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A) State governments must agree on and approve the president, who in turn assumes most of the executive power of the national government.
B) Block voting by state governments in the legislature's upper house have allowed state coalitions to capture the legislative process on some occasions.
C) Several state governments remain in a state of open rebellion against national policymaking.
D) State governments have received advanced devolution of power in recent decades, taking over a lot of the administration of local natural resources.
E) State governments have little autonomy and are mainly recipients of patronage from central government officials.
G) B) and D)
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E
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A) military councils loyal to the president.
B) "temporary" caretaker committees appointed by state governors.
C) local Marxist communes that self-appoint their own leaders.
D) elder councils with religious authority derived from Sharia law.
E) no discernible government structure, resulting in largely lawless regions.
G) A) and B)
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A) returning Nigeria to democracy in the 1980s.
B) leading a failed secessionist movement in the 1960s.
C) establishing independence in the 1950s.
D) imposing an oppressive dictatorship in the 1990s.
E) leading the movement against government corruption in the 2000s.
G) C) and E)
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A) the authoritarian asset.
B) a resource regime.
C) resource illiberalism.
D) petrol authoritarianism.
E) the resource curse.
G) B) and C)
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A) storing oil outside of the country.
B) discarding crude oil in favor of natural gas.
C) the illegal siphoning off of oil.
D) discarding natural gas in favor of crude oil.
E) the illegal avoidance of taxation on oil profits.
G) B) and C)
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The Niger Delta region of Nigeria faces ...View Answer
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A) They were more focused on issues of foreign policy than domestic issues.
B) They were more transparent but also equally violent.
C) They were plagued by widespread electoral fraud but produced stable civilian governments, whereas the 2007 election could not produce an agreed-upon victor.
D) They were more narrowly focused on the sharing of oil revenues.
E) They were more like de-facto coronations instead of actual political contests.
G) A) and B)
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A) Olusegun Obasanjo.
B) Ibrahim Babangida.
C) Abdulsalam Abubakar.
D) Umaru Yar'Adua.
E) Goodluck Jonathan.
G) A) and B)
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Nigeria's international political alignment during and since independence has been largely pro-Western. This alignment can be attributed to several factors, including historical ties to the British colonial power, economic and military support from Western countries, and a desire to align with global superpowers for security and economic reasons.
Nigeria remained pro-Western for so long due to its reliance on Western aid and investment, as well as its participation in Western-led international organizations such as the United Nations and the World Bank. Additionally, the Cold War rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union also played a role in shaping Nigeria's alignment, as it sought to align with the West to counter the influence of communist ideology.
However, several factors nudged Nigeria toward nonalignment in later years. These include a desire for greater autonomy in foreign policy decision-making, a shift in global power dynamics, and a growing sense of solidarity with other developing countries. Nigeria also sought to diversify its international partnerships and reduce its dependence on Western aid and investment.
In terms of its role in intergovernmental African organizations, Nigeria has been a key player in institutions such as the African Union (AU) and the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). It has played a significant role in promoting peace and security in the region, as well as advocating for economic development and integration. Nigeria has also been involved in mediating conflicts and promoting democracy and good governance within African countries.
Overall, Nigeria's international political alignment has evolved over time, reflecting its changing priorities and the shifting dynamics of global politics. Its role in intergovernmental African organizations has been influential, demonstrating its commitment to regional cooperation and development.
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