Question 1

Nitrification of ammonia occurs when ammonia is first converted to nitrite and then is converted to nitrate by the nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

When mitochondria pass electrons donated by NADH through the electron transport chain to molecular oxygen, a theoretical maximum of __________ molecules of ATP can be made per oxygen molecule reduced.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When mitochondria pass electrons donated by NADH...

Question 3

The theoretical maximum net gain of ATP per molecule of glucose metabolized aerobically in eukaryotes is

Accepted Answer

A)   2.
B)   32.
C)   38.
D)   85.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 4

In the TCA cycle, two carbons are removed from citric acid in the form of __________, thereby regenerating oxaloacetate to complete the cycle.

Accepted Answer

A)   acetyl-CoA
B)   ethanol
C)   carbon dioxide
D)   methanolE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 5

The net gain of ATP per molecule of glucose metabolized anaerobically via the Embden-Meyerhoff pathway in prokaryotes is

Accepted Answer

A)   2.
B)   36.
C)   38.
D)   85.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 6

Organisms that directly reduce almost all of their pyruvate to lactate are called __________ fermenters.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Organisms that directly reduce almost all of...

Question 7

In the TCA cycle, two carbons in the form of __________ are added to oxaloacetate at the start of the cycle.

Accepted Answer

A)   acetyl-CoA
B)   ethanol
C)   carbon dioxide
D)   methanolE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 8

During breakdown of fatty acids, carbons are removed __________ at a time with each turn of the cycle, and two carbon units are released as __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   one; carbon dioxide
B)   one; methane
C)   two; acetyl-CoA
D)   two; ethanolE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 9

Metabolic pathways can be either catabolic or anabolic but not both.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Photosynthetic organisms serve as the base for most food chains in the biosphere.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Although most metabolic reactions are freely reversible, a few irreversible catabolic steps are bypassed during biosynthesis with special enzymes that catalyze the reverse reaction in order to allow for independent regulation of catabolic and anabolic pathways.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Which of the following may be used as sources of energy by chemolithotrophs?

Accepted Answer

A)   hydrogen gas
B)   reduced nitrogen compounds
C)   reduced sulfur compounds
D)   all of the choicesE) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 13

In the process of fermentation an organic substrate, such as glucose, is reduced and an intermediate of the pathway, such as pyruvate, is oxidized.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

__________ pathways are those that function both catabolically and anabolically.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________ pathways are those that function both...

Question 15

Oxygen is always required for the regeneration of NAD from NADH.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

In aerobic conditions, it takes __________ sugar to produce the same amount of ATP when compared to anaerobic conditions.

Accepted Answer

A)   more
B)   less
C)   the same amount ofD) None of the above
E) A) and B)

Question 17

Very few gram positive bacteria utilize the Entner-Doudoroff glycolytic pathway.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex oxidizes and cleaves pyruvate to form one CO2 and

Accepted Answer

A)   lactate.
B)   isocitric acid.
C)   acetyl-CoA.
D)   succinyl-CoA.E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 19

The TCA cycle generates all of the following from each acetyl-CoA molecule oxidized except

Accepted Answer

A)   three NADH molecules.
B)   two CO2 molecules.
C)   one FADH2 molecule.
D)   one ATP molecule.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 20

Bacterial electron transport chains may be comprised of fewer components and have lower P/O ratios than mitochondrial transport chains.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 10: Catabolism Energy Release and Conservation

Organisms that directly reduce almost all of their pyruvate to lactate are called __________ fermenters.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Nitrification of ammonia occurs when ammonia is first converted to nitrite and then is converted to nitrate by the nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When mitochondria pass electrons donated by NADH through the electron transport chain to molecular oxygen, a theoretical maximum of __________ molecules of ATP can be made per oxygen molecule reduced.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The net gain of ATP per molecule of glucose metabolized anaerobically via the Embden-Meyerhoff pathway in prokaryotes is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the process of fermentation an organic substrate, such as glucose, is reduced and an intermediate of the pathway, such as pyruvate, is oxidized.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In aerobic conditions, it takes __________ sugar to produce the same amount of ATP when compared to anaerobic conditions.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the TCA cycle, two carbons in the form of __________ are added to oxaloacetate at the start of the cycle.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Although most metabolic reactions are freely reversible, a few irreversible catabolic steps are bypassed during biosynthesis with special enzymes that catalyze the reverse reaction in order to allow for independent regulation of catabolic and anabolic pathways.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Very few gram positive bacteria utilize the Entner-Doudoroff glycolytic pathway.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the TCA cycle, two carbons are removed from citric acid in the form of __________, thereby regenerating oxaloacetate to complete the cycle.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Photosynthetic organisms serve as the base for most food chains in the biosphere.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following may be used as sources of energy by chemolithotrophs?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

__________ pathways are those that function both catabolically and anabolically.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The theoretical maximum net gain of ATP per molecule of glucose metabolized aerobically in eukaryotes is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex oxidizes and cleaves pyruvate to form one CO2 and

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During breakdown of fatty acids, carbons are removed __________ at a time with each turn of the cycle, and two carbon units are released as __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Bacterial electron transport chains may be comprised of fewer components and have lower P/O ratios than mitochondrial transport chains.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Oxygen is always required for the regeneration of NAD from NADH.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The TCA cycle generates all of the following from each acetyl-CoA molecule oxidized except

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Metabolic pathways can be either catabolic or anabolic but not both.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex oxidizes and cleaves pyruvate to form one CO₂ and

Correct Answer
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During breakdown of fatty acids, carbons are removed at a time with each turn of the cycle, and two carbon units are released as .

Correct Answer
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